What is glaucoma?

Glaucoma is an eye disease that can potentially cause progressive damage to the optic nerve, which can result in permanent vision loss. The optic nerve located in the back of the eye, and it is responsible for connecting light signals (vision) from the eye to the brain.

Glaucoma is typically caused by high pressure within the eye, although sometimes glaucoma can occur when the eye pressure is normal as well. Near the front of the eye, there is a drainage channel called the trabecular meshwork located within “the angle,” which is responsible for draining fluid out of the eye. If this drainage channel is not working properly (Open-Angle Glaucoma) or if it is physically blocked (Closed-Angle Glaucoma), then the eye pressure will rise and cause damage to the optic nerve. As the optic nerve comes damaged, the nerve will progressively lose its function and will result in loss of vision.

If there is any suspicion for glaucoma during your eye exam, you may be recommended to get glaucoma testing. Testing typically includes a detailed analysis of your optic nerve (OCT), an optic nerve photo, central corneal thickness measurement, and a visual field test. A visual field test is important to determine if there are any blind spots caused by glaucoma.

Depending on the type of glaucoma, the treatment options can vary. Unfortunately, you cannot reverse glaucoma-related vision loss, however certain treatments can potentially delay further progression of vision loss by lowering the eye pressure. Treatment options include glaucoma drops, laser treatment, and surgical intervention (I.e. MIGS).